Veteran Yuen Siu-fai, now 80, recalls wondering about the future of Cantonese opera even as a child performer. "At seven, I looked out into an audience full of elderlies and thought: 'When I grow up, who will still come to watch?'" For him, the survival of the art depends on cultivating appreciation among new audiences.
Since 2025, Yuen has been collaborating with the Hong Kong Arts Festival on a three-year project titled 300 Years of Cantonese Opera. The first season, themed "The Beginning", presented ancient plays in old Mandarin (also known as the Zhongyuan dialect) together with traditional formulaic plays. The current season, themed "The Transition", showcases outstanding excerpts by celebrated playwrights and performers from the 1930s to the present, alongside a revival of Yuen's own historical epic The Story of Wu Zixu, offering a comprehensive portrait of contemporary Cantonese opera.
Yuen sees the 1930s as a turning point: performances shifted from old Mandarin to vernacular Cantonese, transforming the art form into a true "regional opera". At the same time, all-male troupes gave way to mixed-gender casts, and sets became increasingly elaborate. As society endured hardship and war, audiences looked for more uplifting entertainment and the romantic, lyrical love stories of the Mandarin Duck and Butterfly literary movement came to dominate.
Yet this narrowed focus led to the decline of other types of roles beyond the leading male (sheng) and female (dan) roles, such as the villainous huamian and the elderly female laodan (traditionally played by men). To highlight this diversity, Yuen's current selections include Tong Tik-sang's romantic ghost tale "A Union with the Ghost" from Dream of the Peony Pavilion, his earlier tragedy "Die for Love" from War Cape of Rouge and Blood, and Sun Ma Sze Tsang's "Reunion with Mother" from The Sword of Loyalty, which drew on Peking opera techniques to showcase the distinctive artistry of the lesser-known character type of laodan.
The chosen excerpts also illuminate the passing of tradition from master to disciple. Along with Nam Fung, Yuen will perform "Wedding Ceremony" from A Mismatched Couple, a piece once staged by his teacher, Mak Bing-wing. Meanwhile, "Sending Letters" from Romance of the West Chamber features actor Lam Tin-yau in a role originated by his mentor, Lam Kar-sing.
Determined to broaden the repertoire, Yuen founded the Hong Kong Experimental Cantonese Opera Troupe in 1971, creating works beyond the Mandarin Duck and Butterfly school that addressed themes of patriotism, morality and loyalty. His 2003 play The Story of Wu Zixu is one such example. Among the many virtuous figures of the Spring and Autumn period, he chose Wu Zixu as the protagonist: "It was the hardest script I have ever written; it led me into a labyrinth." The challenge lay not only in untangling the complex politics and relationships of the era through painstaking historical research, but also in confronting the enigma of Wu's decisions. Having survived persecution in the kingdom of Chu and feeling to the rival state of Wu, he was ultimately executed by the new king Fuchai. "He knew Fuchai was a foolish ruler, yet still sacrificed himself. It shows that even wise men could meet a tragic fate. Wu was brilliant, but his hatred consumed him. He died through misguided loyalty." This year Yuen will present a distilled version of the drama, tracing Wu's turbulent life.
While Cantonese opera has evolved in theme and style during the past century, Yuen insists: "The performance codes must remain. If altered, it is no longer Chinese opera. I always follow Mei Lanfang's dictum: 'Move your steps but do not alter the form.' Progress lies in the ideas and themes." What truly captivates audiences, he believes, is not the spectacle, but the story.
The Story of Wu Zixu (Part One)
Date: 13 Mar, 2026
Venue: Auditorium, Sha Tin Town Hall
The Story of Wu Zixu (Part Two)
Date: 14 Mar, 2026
Venue: Auditorium, Sha Tin Town Hall
Selected Excerpts
Date: 15 Mar, 2026
Venue: Auditorium, Sha Tin Town Hall
Details: https://www.hk.artsfestival.org/en/programme/300-Years-of-Cantonese-Opera-Transition
